All of those scenarios had previously attracted an automatic 20% possession for the infracting team, but all that went out at least 9 months ago (someone with a better memory than me will know exactly when). Now, you can do what you like, except play a goalkeeper in an on-field position, ie not in goal (which is the only situation you didn't mention) - that is the only circumstance under which a 20% possession penalty is applied nowadays. There are lesser penalties for setting a player out of position, with two grades of possession deduction, detectable in the formation screen - either a red or yellow triangle, the former attracting the higher penalty.
So you can set a formation like GK/DL-DR/DML-DMR/ML-MR/AML-AMR/ST-ST without penalty, as long as the players concerned are eligible to play in the positions set for them. All the opponent player then needs to do is set 3DC-DMC-3MC-AMC-2ST (itself a previously 'illegal' formation) and play through the middle...
...and before you ask, yes I did set the narrow formation and won 5-0 with a team -2.1Q.