That is right. Let's say we have a pure striker and train him with Fast Counter-Attacks (level 1). It gives 5 XP and train Passing, Crossing, Finishing and Creativity. So each skill should get 1.25 XP. But Crossing is not key attribute for ST, so it gets 25% less XP, and this 25% goes to key abilities. Like this:
You should avoid training grey skills because they're rarely in use in this position. For example, center players rarely use Crossing, defenders -- Dribbling, midfielders -- Heading.
These numbers are experience points. I guess you've already figured that out.
You can download ITP (link in my signature) and play with it for some time =] It calculates experience correctly depending on key and non-key abilities and level of your drills. You're going to need Excel 2007 or later.
It depends on orders (pressing, marking style) and random factor.
Players do gain skills in games, you can see it in the table when the match ends. Efficiency of games is equal level 4 drills (world class, +30%).
Thank you =]