Humm. On paper, gegenpressure is used to break the efficiency of Long passes and avoid counter-attacks - you press the opponent, so he has no time to aim for the long pass, and when he tries it, it's like he just gets rid of the ball and your defense gets it easily.
And, again on paper, it should be vulnerable to Short passes - your players running insanely to get the ball, but the opponent doesn't even try hard and pass the ball to a close colleague (when thinking a lot is not necessary).
Anyway, it's a just a theory that, in the real field, might work or not. And I wish I knew how it's designed in top11 so we could use it properly ;/